EAI 580 Desk-Top Analog/Hybrid Computing System
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EAI 5S0 Analog/hlybrid Cornputing System Equipcnent
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FEATURES
. Incl udes many of the features previ ousl y obtai nabl e onl y i n l arge-s c al eanal og/hy bri d
systems.
. E xpandabl efrom a basi c anal og computer to a ful l hybri d system.
.10 V ol t R ei erence otteri ng the advantages of: excel l ent stati c and dy nami c perl ormance, corxpactness, l ow pow er consumpti on, and compl ete s afety for the
operator.
. E asyto understand and use b1, the begi nner, yet i ncl udes advanced c apabi l i ti es for
the programmer to pertorrn compl ex si mul ati ons.
o A ccurate performance rn sl orv ti me and compressed ti me comput ati ons up to and
beyond 5000 sol uti ons per second.
. D esk-top mounti ng makes i t easv to l ocate and move.
. Mode sl avi ng system for central i zed control oi mul ti -consol e si mu l ati ons .
. Ful l y w i red to accept al l computi ng components and subsystemexp ans i on.
. A nal og computi ng components i n compact, remor.,abl etrays, Iocated di rec tl y behi nd
the anal og program panel .
. Motor-dri ven anal og program panel i nterl ock s;,stem.
o C entrai overl oad system w i th automati c hol d and storage features.
. Ini ti al deri vati ve readout ai ds for program checkout.
. S ol i d-state i ntegrator mode control .
. P rogram control of i ntegrator modes and ti me scal e sel ecti on.
. S ervosetpotenti ometer sel ecti on and setti ng system.
. P ot control {eaturespermi tti ng al terati on of serr,,oset
potenti ometer coeffi c i ent s etti ngs
i n anv computer mode.
. S eparateanal og and l ogi c program panel s.
. E asy-to-usevari abl e functi on generator setup system.
. A system of cl ocked paral l el l ogi c components for control . ti mi ng, s equenc i ng and
program deci si on maki ng-avai l abl e for di rect addi ti on to the cons ol e.
. S tate i ndi cators and pushbutton control s for comparators, functi on rel ay s and l ogi c
el ements provi de greatl y si mpl i fi ed program checkout anC operati on.
, r,:.l: .,: :.
. S ol i d-statesummi ng ampl i fi ers offer no vel oci tv l i mi r v, :
l : \ H z bandw i dth.
. Four ti me scal e capaci tors for each i ntegrator ,-. : i
' r : -ed pol y s ty rene
-:
passi ve el ements w i th extremel y l ow l eakage ch.:i .,- ..
coeffi ci ents, el i mi nati ng the need for temperature-cr - . H i gh-speed track/store netw orks provi de a l o* c- "
can be program i ni ti al i zed.
. Ten segment vari abl e sl ope and breakpoi nt di ocr
ci ated ampl i fi ers.
. Quarter-square mul ti pl i ers can al so become di r,::. grammed as dual square, one square and o-.
generators.
. E ach el ectroni c comparator contai ns i ts or,r,n,c
. E xcel l entdynami c performance i s i l l ustrated br ohm/10k ohm)-0.25%, Mul ti pl i er-0.25?o, ar:
_0.s% .
. P reci si onpushbutton di vi der al l ow s pot coefi j c . -.
. 0.0-lob. 5-di gi t, hi gh-speed di gi tal vol l merer i o. .,
. E ssenti alcommuni cati on mai ntai ned betw een ;to-anal og sw i tches, anal og comparators, f unci i .-. One MH z, crystal control l ed central ti mi ng rer.-, . N ormal and compl ementary outputs of a// l o*
f uncti on.
. C eneral purpose l ogi c gates are programmabl e . C eneral purpose 4-bi t regi stersoffer al ternate ^set-resetfl i p-fl ops, shi ft regi ster,bi nary up-coun:i . C ounter/Ti mers may be used for counti ng ere::.
from 1 mi crosecond to 9.9 seconds.
. A l l ampl i fi ers and computer reference are short-c
ci rcui ts are ful l y protected from damage by anr r
. Four channel repeti ti ve operati on di spl ay uni t
al l ow s hi gh-speed presenl ati on of program so'u:
. D i spl ay sel ector permi ts up to four vari abl es r
four agai nst a fi fth vari abl e from the computer:r. :,
. A vari ety of sol i d-state, portabl e
X -y pl otters a..,
stati c accuracy and hi gh sl ew i ng ral es.
. P l otter pen l i ft conl rol occurs automat.j caj l \
\\.:be under l ogi c program control .
. C hoi ce of sol i d-state mul ti -channel
stri o-charl -.
vari abl es.
. R ecorder chart dri ve automati cal l y
control l ed i :r-program control .
EAI580 Analog/HybridComputingSystem
C o mp u tingSystemis a com pletelynew solidT h e EA I5 8 0A n a l o g /H yb ri d
co
mp
u te rw i th a capacityof B0 computingampliv
o
l
t
,
d
e
sk-to
p
s t a t et e n
f ie r sa n d e i g h t co mp a ra to ra mp l i fi e r s.lt is an advancedanalogcom puter
t h a t i s e a s yt o u n d e rsta n da n d o p e rate,in additionto pr ovidingall the
c a p a b i l i t i ensee d e dfo r i n te g ra ti o inn to a hybr idcom putingsystem .Now,
yo u ca n obtainan EAI580,then expandthe
f o r a m i n i m u m i n ve stme n t,
s y s t e mw i t h ad d i ti o n a la n a l o ga n d l ogic components,and at any time
in t h e f u t u r e ,co mb i n ei t w i th a d i g i talcom puterfor full hybr idoper ation.
T h e 5 8 0 w a s bo rn o u t o f th e g ro w i n gneedfor high per for m ance
analog
c o m p u t a t i o n ,a s w e l l a s th e re q u i rementfor a hybr idor ienteddesk- top
c o m p u t e r l. t c o mb i n e sth e l o w co stof a desk- topcom puterwith the outs ta n d i n gc h a ra cte ri sti a
csn d so p h i stication
of mor e costlym edium and
la r g es c a l ea na l o g /h yb ri d
co mp u te rs ,and it offer sthe featur esa digital
c o m p u t e ru s e r n e e d sso th a t h e may take advantageof the additional
c a p a b i l i t ya f f ord e db y b o th h yb ri da nd m oder nanalogcomputation.
in the design
E AI ' sA n a l y s i s
a n d C o mp u ta ti o nC e n ter swer e instr umental
in pr acticalpr oblemsusinganalog,
of t h e 5 8 0 .T he i re xte n si ve xp e ri e n ce
wasa majorinfluencein deter mindig i t a la n d h yb ri dco mp u ti n gsyste ms
in g w h a t t h e E A I5 8 0 re q u i re dto p rovidethe mostadvancedcom puting
c a p a b i l i t i eas nd e ffi ci e n tma n /ma chineinter faceavailablein a desk- top
c o m p u t e r .A ma j o r stu d yo f u se ra n d customerneedswas anotherpr im a r y c o n t r i b u ti o nto th e d e si g nco ncept.The useror ientedknow- how
re f l e c t e di n t he d e si g no f th e 5 8 0 i s alsoa r esultof the sameexper ience
analogcomputer ,
t h a t I e d t o EA I'sd e ve l o p me not f th e fir stall solid- state
an d i n s t a l l a t i oonf o ve r 2 0 0 0d e sk-topcom putingsystems.
Th e E A I 5 8 0 i s th e i d e a lma ch i n efo r use in gover nm ent,industr ialand
com puted u c a t i o n aflaci l i ti e s,p ro vi d i n gth e userwith an analog/hybr id
in g c a p a b i l i tyto a n a l yzeth e myri a d of incr easingly
com plexpr oblem s
o c c u r r i n gi n vi rtu a l l ye ve rysci e n ti fi cdiscipline.Scientists
and engineer s
in v o l v e di n t he stu d yo f d yn a mi cp h y sicalsystem s
will find that the com p u t e rg i v e st h e m th e a b i l i tyto so l vean extensive
var ietyof pr oblems.At
t h e s a m et i m e,si mp l i ci tyo f o p e ra ti onoffer sthe beginnerthe oppor tunity
t o b e c o m e f ami l i a rw i th th e su p e r iorper for manceand sophistication
de m a n d e db y a n d e sse n ti a lto se a soneduser sof analog and hybr id
computers.
@CopyrightElectronicAssociates,
|nc.,1967.All rightsreserved
EAI580 AdvancedAnalog And Hybrid Features
The following featuresof the EAI 580
reflectthe advancedanalogand hybrid
computingcapabilitiesof the system.
. Mode selection,time scaleselection
and computingcomponentcontrol are
a cco m plis hed
by log i c s i g n a l s .Al l i n te grator trays in the computer can be
co n tr olled indiv idu a l l y ,o r i n g ro u p s
from the analog mode control, digital
logic programor by a digital computer.
This importantfeaturepermitsthe efficient use of iterativeanalog and hybrid
techniquesfor the solution of boundary
value problems and partial differential
equations.
' ElectronicMode Control(EMC)allows
higher problem solt'{ion speeds and
more flexiblecontrol of integratorsTrom
logic devices by incorporatingsolidstateswitchesin placeof relays.
. Outstandingdynamicand staticcharacteristics
of the analogcomputingelements permit high speed repetitive and
iterative,as well as real time operation,
with maximum accuracy.
. The self-containedlogic expansion,of
general purpose logic gates, flip-flop
registers,counters and digitally controlled analog switchesallow decision
making,event initiation, data reduction,
timing and control to be accomplished . The EAI 580 simplifiesand insuresfull
directlyin the EAI 580.When operating integration into a hybrid computing
with a digital computer the logic can systemby providing for the direct adbe either synchronizedwith an internal dition of a built-in hybrid control
clock system or slaved to an external interface.
signalfrom the digital computer.
. The EAI 580 is the first desk-topana- The E A I580 A nal og/H ybri dCom put ing
which
log computer with servo set potenti- Systemcontainsmanysubsystems
ometers.Up to 70 servo pots can be function together furnishing the user
read and setup using either the key- with efficient,convenientand reliable
The P ro gr am m ing
board addressingsystemof the analog computi ngcapabi l i ty.
System,
Addressing
and
Readout Sysconsoleor the digitalcomputer.In pure
analog problemsthey allow faster po- tem, Pot-SettingSystem,and Overload
tentiometersetup. In hybrid problems lndicatorSystemreduceproblem setup
these automatically adjustablepotenti- and checkouttime while providingflexometers may be set to coefficientscal- ible and versatilecomputer operation.
culated by the digital computer. They The Digital LogicSystemaugmentsthe
may also be used directly to vary par- computingcapabilityof the EAI580 and
a me te rsduri ng a si mul ati onby means permitsthe automaticsolutionof many
kinds of problems. Master control of
o f a m a n ualproporti onalcontrol l er.
analog and digital modes, problem
. The computing capabilityof the 580
check modes and time scale modes,
can be convenientlyexpanded in the assurespeedand flexibilityin the operfield without additional consolewiring. ation of the entire system.
The computer console is completely
pre-wiredto accepta varietyof plug-in The EAI 580 is best appreciated by
components.Power suppliesprovided consideringspecificfeatures-features
with the basiccomputerare capableof which are the result of EAI's concern
operating a fully expanded console. In with presentand future customerneeds
a d d i ti o n,extensi ve
trunki ngand sl avi ng and extensiveexperiencein the design,
facilitiespermit the combined opera- manufactureand use of analog,digital
tion of several580'sas one largesystem. and hybrid computingsystems.
rI II
I
INFORMATION FI-OW
Data
Control
:
EAI 580 ANATOG/HYBRIDCOMPUTINGSYSTEM
Data/Control
EAI5S0MasterControl Panel
In the EAI580 the MasterControl Panel
providesthe operatorwith an efficient
me ansof c om m uni c a ti nw
g i th a n d c o n tro l l ingt he analoga n d l o g i cs e c ti o n so f
the computer.Mode Control,Repetitive
Operation Timer and Time Scale Controls, Signal Selection,and Potentiometer Settingare accomplishedusingthe
pushbuttonslocated on the panel. A
digital computercan also achievethese
ca p a bilit ies hould t h e 5 8 0 b e u s e d i n
a hybrid computing system.
M O D E C O N T R OL
Analog
Sixbuttonspermit the operatorto select
the desiredmode of operation.Modes
may also be controlled by the analog
ti me ror digit allogicp ro g ra m .T h e R MT
(Remote)button is usedwhen a number
of 580 consolesare slavedtogetheror
tied to a digital computer.This allows
the operator to control his program
from any consolein the system.
PP (ProgramPanel).When this button
i s d epr es s edt he lC , H O L D a n d OP ER ATE modes may be controlled from
logic signalson the ProgramPaneland
the internal repetitiveoperation timer
automatically begins operation. (See
RepetitiveOperation and Time Scale
Control below.)
l C, HD, O P ( lnit ia l C o n d i ti o n , H o l d ,
Operate).All integratorsare controlled
by these pushbuttons except those
which have been selectedfor individu a l m ode c ont r ol u s i n gl o g i c s i g n a l s .
SP (SetPots).This mode is used during
pot setting and puts referenceon the
input of an addressedpot. To prevent
overloads during setup leedback is
automaticallyprovided for every amplilrier.As an additionaloperatororiented
feature, electronic switches are also
placedin the "on" stateto insureproper
p o t l oading.
A
ST (StaticTest). This mode forces all
integratorsand track/storesinto the lC
mode regardless
of local patching,and
enablesthe operatorto use the Signal
SelectorSystemto help him perform a
statictest.
automaticallywith time scale selection.
In operati on,the ti mer providesdual
logic outputs that appear on both the
analogand logic programpanels,effectively performingas two timers in one.
Theseoutputsare logicalcomplements,
permitting modes ol integrators and
tracklstoreamplifiers to be operated in
Logic
The four buttons, 106, 1Os,101, and complementary fashion-a highly deS T EP ,fo r m a mutual l yexcl usi vegroup sirable feature for certain program rewhich selects the clock rate for the quirements.Logic sequencesmay also
synchronizedlogic elements.The RMT be initiatedand controlled by the two
b u tto n i s used w hen a number of E A I ti mer outputs,and the ti mer it selfm ay
580 consolesare slavedtogetheror tied be startedand stoppedby logic signals.
on the logicconto a d i gi tal computer.D epressi ngthi s P ushbutton/i ndi cators
button permits control of the system's trol panel provide both a visual indicad i g i ta lp rogramfrom any consol ei n the tion of the timer stateand a meansof
system.The STEPbutton inhibits all setti ngor resetti ngthe ti mer m anually
and checko utpur poses.
c l o c k p ul sesw hen i ni ti al l y depressed for i ni ti al i zati on
and subsequentlyprovides one clock Theti mer al soproducesan analogr am p
pulseeverytime it is depressed.
This is signal(TB for Time Base)at the analog
problem
an excellentfeaturefor
check- programpanel.The ramp may be used
o u t. T h e di gi tal mode control buttons as a plotter or oscilloscopetime base,
a re m a rk edC , S ,and R and put the l ogi c or for any other use where a voltage
into CLEAR,STOP and RUN, respect- proporti onalto ti me i s requ ir edin t he
i v e l y .T he P P button al l ow s control of program. This feature eliminates the
the logic modesCLEARand RUN from need for a general-purposeintegratorto
provide a time base.
the Logic ProgramPanel.
REPETITIVE
OPERATION
AND TIME SCALE
CONTROT
I ntervalTimer Controls
TirneScaleSelectors
Overall control of a program's time
scaleis oossiblefrom the MasterControl Panelby meansof the time scale
selectors.Choosing the One Second
pushbutton automati cal l ycauses all
The IntervalTimer Controls,in conjunc- integratorsnot under local control to
tion with the Time ScaleSelectorsare havean integrationrate of one volt per
used to program solutionsor portions second per input volt. Alternately,for
high speed repetitiveprograin-solving,
of solutionsrepetitivelyin the rangeof
100 microsecondsto 100 secondsper
the Tw o Mi l l i secondssel ect oris deby cycl - pressed to automatically provide a
s o l u ti o n .Thi s i s accompl i shed
ing integratorsand track/storeampli- speedupin solution rate of 500 times.
fiers between their two main opera- For integratorsunder local control, an
tional statesas determinedby the two
additional factor of ten speed-upocintervalsof the timer.Calibratedvernier curs,al l ow i ng' 10:1and 5000: 1changes
dialsare usedto vary the basicduration with respectiveselection of the two
of the two intervalsfor eachcvcle,while ti me scal econtrol s"S uch sp eed- upsin
mul ti pl i ers(x10,x1, x0.1) programrunningpermit manysolutions
th e a s s o ci ated
specifythe desiredrangeof operation. to occur eachsecond for display on an
Speed-up of the timer (x500) occurs oscilloscope.The computer user then
D/10 (DerivativeDividedby Ten)-performs the same function as the "D"
addressbut the displayoutput is 1/1Oth
of the actualvalue. lt is usedwhenever
SYSTEM the value of the derivativeis too large
SIGNAL SELECTOR
Thereare sevenpushbuttonsfor select- to be readdirectlywithout attenuation.
ing the types of componentaddressed. PP (Program Panel)-This pushbutton
They are as follows:
connectsthe DVM to the DVM terminal
DtG (Digital)-Thisbutton is the key to
of the control tray on the Analog Prousing the EAI 580 in a hybrid configura- gram Panel.
tion. lt causesa varietyof terminations
within the computerto be made avail- F (FunctionCenerator)-allows balancable to the internalinterfacechassisfor ing any of the 16 amplifiersnormally
with the eight VDFG's(Varicontrol from a digital computer,either associated
directlyor via an externalcontrol inter- able Diode FunctionCenerators).
face.
There are two columnsof pushbuttons
labeled"Address",each column numA (Amplifier)-readsthe amplifieroutputs. Optional trunk readout is also bered from 0 through 9. Thesebuttons
are used for entering the numerical
provided in this mode.
portion of an address.For example,to
P (Pot)-reads the servo-setor hand-set
addressamplifier 15 the operator simpots.
ply depresses
the buttons" A" , "1" , and
D (Derivative)-an exce//ent program "5". The correspondingoutput will be
checkout feature eliminating special displayedon the DVM
connectionsduring checkout. With the
SETTINC
computer in the ST mode a derivative POTENTIOMETER
addresspermits the appropriatesum- Setting a servo-pot from the keyboard
ming junction of the integratoror track/ on the 580 is simple.The computer is
storeto be monitoredbv the DVM. The placed in the SP mode and the pot to
dis playis t he su m o f th e i n p u tsmu l ti - be set is addressedusingthe SignalSeplied by the appropriategains.An inter- lector System.The value to be set is
lock is provided to prevent accidental entered in the four vertical columns
labeled RDAC (ReferenceDigital-toaddressingof a derivativein the IC or
Analog Converter). Each column is
OP m-odes.
can visually evaluate the effects on the
solution of each program change that
he initiates.
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
I,
;
I
I
;
MasterControl Panel
numbered 0 through 9 to permit pot
settingto four places.After a value has
been set on the keyboard, the SET
button is depressedand the potentiometer is automaticallyset to the value
(in lessthan a second)of the RDAC keyboard. The CL (Clear) button is used
primarily to terminatethe setting procedure when an improper pot address
has been selected.A red light in the
left-hand window of the DVM lights
while the pot is settingor continuously
if an attempt is made to make an impropersetting.
As part of the Pot-SettingSystem,manual adjustmentof servo-setpots may be
accomplishedin any mode by means
of the Pot Control Lever. This proportional controller permits the operator
to vary parameterswhile the program is
actually running.
OTHER CONTROTS
Main Power Switches apply power to
the computer and two serviceoutlets
for the peripheralequipment.
Program Panel Drive Switches marked
are
ENC (Engage)and DIS (Disengage)
for the insertion and removal of the
motor driven programpanel.A protective featureis providedwhich automaticallyputs the computerin the SPmode
when either the ENG or DIS button is
depressed.
EAI 580 Analog Readout Panel
Th i s panel c ont ain sth e o v e rl o a di n d i cators,digitalvoltmeter(DVM) display,
analogvoltmeter,'hand-setpotentiometers,comparatordisplayand controls,
a n d f unc t ionr elayd i s p l a ya n d c o n tro l s .
All control and readout devices.are
readily accessibleand readableto the
operatorseatedat the console.
OverloadIndicators
The overload indicatorsfor the amolifi e rsar e laid out in f o u r ro w s s i mi l a rto
the Analog Progam Panel so that the
operator can quickly locate the source
of any program inconsistency.When a
component overloads,the appropriate
overload indicator glows. In addition,
a n audiblealar mwit h a n a d j u s ta b l veo l ume control signalswheneverany component overloads.
The Overload Indicator Systemof the
EAI580 incorporatesthe sameoverride
hold and stored overloadfeaturesthat
users of larger analog/hybridsystems
fi n d es pec iallyv alu a b l ei n s a v i n gti m e
during program checkout and solution.
Wheneverany componentoverloads,a
sp e c ialout put t er m i n a lo n th e An a l o g
ProgramPanelprovidesa logic signal.
In order to halt a program run before
additional overloads occur, the prog ra mm erc an c onne c tth i s te rm i n a lto
overridehold so that everyintegratoris Hand-SetPotentiometers
placed into HOLD, regardlessof local Manual potentiometercontrol is prologic control. The override signal may vided by 10-turn hand-setpotentioma l s o b e used to i nhi bi t any l ogi c se- eters. Up to 10 hand-setpots may be
quence.This allowsthe operatorto iso- i nstal l edi n the consol e.
l a te th e sourceof troubl eas soon as i t
occurs.StoredOverloadpermitshim to
Comparators
"trap" transient overloads (without
stoppingthe solution)where the over- and FunctionRelays
Ioad might otherwiseoccur too rapidly Comparators,
by corhparingtwo analog
to b e found, but coul d causei naccura- si gnal s,provi de a l ogi c
signal out put
c i e si n a probl emsol uti on.
which representsthe occurrence of
some event i n the anal ogpr ogr am .lt
DigitalVoltmeter
may be usedto communicatewith logic
T h i s i s an accurate,S -di gi tdi spl ayfor
el ements,di gi tal l y contro lled analog
readingthe value of whatevercomponswitches,function relays,and a digital
ent is addressedon the SignalSelector.
computer. The EAI 580 provides conIts instantaneousoperation and exvenientcentralcontroland indicationof
permi
t
tre m e l y hi gh i nput i mpedance
the stateof all comparatorsin the comdirect potentiometer setup with rapid
puter. Each comparatorhas a pair of
reading of coefticient settings,as well
push-buttons
for thesepurposes.
Thisis
asgeneralreadoutof program variables.
extremely uselul for problem checkout
provides
The DVM also
analog-to-digital
si ncei t al l ow sthe establ i shm ent
of t est
conversionwith digital outputs that can
signalsat the comparatoroutputs.
drive external devices or be supplied
to a digital computer.
A si mi l ar arrangementi s pr ovidedf or
each of the function relays. FIip-flop
T h i si s a preci si onmul ti -rangemeterfor storage provides the memory for the
th e m o n i tori ngof ampl i fi eroutputs,i n- function relays.The relaysmay be used
driven by
put trunks,and power supply voltages, as manual function switches,
a n d i s al so used for the bal anci ngof comparator outputs or controlled by
o p e ra ti onalampl i fi ers.
S i x meter ranges di gi tal l ogi c or si gnal sfro m a digit al
computer.
are selectedby a rotaryswitch.
AnalogVoltmeter
Analog ReadoutPanel
EAI580 Analog ProgrammingSystem
The Analog ProgrammingSystemof the F a c i l i tyi n programmi ng,assi gni ngand
EAI 580 provid,esthe user with a high locating componentsresultsfrom the
degreeof flexibilityand sophistication. EA I 5 8 0 P rogramP anelbei ng di vi ded
The programmer can make extensive into four horizontalrows consistingof
use of prewiredpanel connectors(bot- e i g h tn e a rl y-i denti cal
areascal l edfi el ds.
tl e p l ugs )t o build s imp l ed e v i c e sw h i c h Two fields horizontallyseparatedby a
performthe mathematicaloperationsof verticalstrip constitutea row. This symi n te g r at ion, m ult ip l i c a ti o n , a d d i ti o n , metrical arrangementmeans that the
etc. Thesespecialbottle plugs also aid prcgrammer need only learn the basic
th e us er by c ov eri n g te rmi n a l s a n d pattern for a singlefield.
markingson the ProgramPanelwhich
ma y not be r equir edd u ri n ga p a rti c u l a r Eachfield is divided into seven comp ro b lem s olut ion.To fu rth e r h e l p th e ponent blocksarrangedin a coordinate
programmer,a consistentpanel color- addressingscheme.These blocks corco d i ngs y s t emis us e da n d a l l ma rk i n g s re s p o n dt o the computi ngcomponents
are printed with largehigh contrastlet- h o u s e di n sl i deoutraysdi rectl ybehi nd
tering to make them easyto read and th e p a n e l .The computi ngcapabi l i tyof
preventthe programmerfrom connect- the 580 is convenientlyexpanded by
i n g ter m inalsinc or r e c tl y .
s i mp l ya ddi ngpl ug-i ntraysto the ful l y
sv&f &&&rttp{FR
s.*.*r!4-t
One field of the Analog ProgramPanelwith bottle plugs
w i red consol e.Theverti cali nput / out put
strip areain the centerof the panelprovidescentralizedterminationsfor readout, control si gnal sand analog and
di gi taltrunks.
A motor-dri veneccentri ccam r apidlv
moves the Program Panel sideways,
causingthe spring loaded contactsof
the computi ngmodul esto make solid
contact with the terminationsof the
P rogramP anel .Thi scontactis designed
to be performedwith a wiping action
that assurespositive connection and
also keeps contact surfacesclean and
free of oxi dati on.Gui de s lot s insur e
correcti nserti onof the pane land hold
i t i n pl aceunti l the operatoris r eadyt o
remove or engagethe panel.
ffiI
ffiFfrTIE
Six, tour, and ratc prcng ba'-'t:' ci:Lgs
Analog ProgramPanel
EAI580 Digital Logic System
I
rE
The logic section of the EAI 580 has The LogicProgramPanelof the EAI 580 w hi ch l i ghtsw hen the gateout put logic
been designedto provide easeof use is compact,lightweight,and oflers the is ONE. Eachgate may be programmed
i n p rogr am m ingand i n o p e ra ti o n l. t i s user simplicity and flexibility in the orfor A N D , N A N D ,OR ,or N OR f unct ions,
an integratedsystem of synchronous ganizationof a program.Eachlogic ele- providing excellent programmer flexp a ra llelogic elem e n tste rmi n a te do n a ment is easily located, and necessary ibilitv.
removable logic Program Panel for c o n n e c ti ons
are compl etedw i th a mi ni h i g h - s peeddec is io n ma k i n g , ti m i n g , mu m n u m berof operati ons.
In addi ti on CeneralPurposeRegisters
co n t r ol,and s equen c i n g
o f a n a l o gp ro - to n o rmal outputs,the bi nary compl e- Ceneral PurposeRegistersprovlde the
grams. The logic design employs the me n t i s avai l abl eand i ndi catedby an operatorw i th severalprogra m m ingadlatest integratedcircuit techniques.To inverter symbol, removing the need for vantages.In addi ti on to i ncluding 4
aid the user,the statusof all logic ele- separateinverters.The panel also ter- i ndependentl yusabl e fl i p- f lops, t he
ments is displayedon the Logic Con- m i n a te sal l trunk l i nesreoui redfor com- registersare readily convertedinto up
trol Panel.Where desirable,the indi- m u n i c a t i onw i th the anal ogpanel and counters,down counters,or shift regcatorsare pushbuttons,allowingopera- externalequipment.
isters. These various modes may be
tor intervention for making program
programmedby the opera t or ,wit h a
alterationsand lor perlorming initializa- Counter/Timers
mi ni mumof effort.
tion and overridefunctions.
The EAI580systememploystwo-decade
A pai r of pushbutton/i nd icat or fs,
or
c o u n te rsw i th a patchabl eInput countThe EAI 580 employs synchronous
eachof the sixteenflip-flopsin the genproper
i
n
g
pul
se
ra
te
.
By
choi
ce
i
nput
of
(clocked) logic to eliminate operator
eral purpose registers,indicate status
rate and related thumbwheel switch
concern about rise times,propagation
and permi trapi dprogramcheckoutand
settings,delay intervalsfrom 1 usec to
delays through various components,
i ni ti al i zati on.
E achpai r of bu t t onsm ay
9 .9s e c o ndsmaybe obtai ned.The i nterand race conditions. As a result, more
be used to set and reset its associated
v a l m a y be set di rectl yon the deci mal
efticient operation is obtained in terms
fl i p-fl op and the l eft-handbut t onwhich
coded thumbwheels,without need for
of both operator time savingsand prolights in the set mode, servesas the
tri
mmi
n
g
adj ustmentson an osci l l ogram performance.The logic elements
statusindicator.
s c o p e .l n addi ti on,the same uni t may
are drivenwith a basictiming reference
b e u s e df or counti ng,as w el l as ti mi ng,
to insure changesof state in the logic
DigitalPushbuttons
program at prescribedtimes, and to m a k i n g i t more fl exi bl ethan a mono- S i x pai rs of general purpose digit al
s ta b l e ti mer. A pai r of pushbutton/
allow such changesto take place onepushbutton/i ndi cators
provide a logic
indicatorsinform the operator of the
at-a-time under operator control. The
ZE R Oor l ogi c ON E at output t er m inals
state of the counter and mav also be
useof "clocked" Iogic also greatlysimon the Logi cP rogramP anel.Thesebut plifies the checkout ol programsinvolv- used to set and resetthe counter.
tons ald in program checkout,initiation,
ing a numbet of elementsby allowing LogicGates
and sub-routinecontrol,and arean esa logical step-by-stepprocedure to be Eachof the 32 logic gatesin the com- sential aid in maximizing the eftective
used.
puter is provided with an indicator use of the logic.
Digital Logic System
10
:
T he c om plem e n to f h i g h q u a l i ty c o m p ut ingc om pone n ts w h i c h c o n s ti tu te
the EAI580 makespossiblea new standard of perlormancenever before obtainable in a desk-top computer. The
5 80 c om pr is esma n y e l e me n tsw h i c h
u p t o now hav eb e e n a v a i l a b l eo n l y i n
larger,more expensivesystems.These
componentsare characterizedby their
high speed operation, low drift, and
excellentstaticaccuracy.
The system'shigh speed operational
am plif ier sper fo rm a t fu l l a m p l i tu d e
ov er t heir ent i re b a n d w i d th w i th n o
v eloc it ylim it ing .R e s i s tonr e tw o rk sa re
ar r angeds o t ha t e a c h a m p l i fi e ri s c o n veniently converted into inverter or
s um m eroper at i o nb y m e a n so f b o ttl e
p ru8s .
comparators, may be made on the EAI 5BOwithout
diode functiongenerators,
l i m i ters and l ogi c components.Tw o making additionalconnectionsbecause
ty p esof el ectroni cmul ti pl i ersare avai l - the 580 V D FG setup pa nel cont ainsa
able to satisfya varietyof requirements. bui l t-i n ramp i ntegratort o pr ovide a
M u l ti pl i ersmay be usedto performthe smoothsw eepfor setu p.An addit ional
and di vi si on. input resistorfor eachDFC allowsaltero p e rati onof mul ti pl i cati on
provi dedon certai nmul - nati veappl i cati onsuc h as t he use of
T e rm i nati ons
ti p l ierspermi ttw o enti rel yi ndependent the unusedoutput amplif ieras an ins q u ari ngor square-rootoperati onsto verter and combi ned sum m at ionand
functi ongenerati on.
be performedat the sametime.
F u n cti ongeneratorsetupi s remarkabl y Comparatorsare provided with their
s i mpl e. The V ari abl e D i ode Functi on own amplifierseliminatingthe need for
C e nerators(V D FC ' s)and thei r control s extrahigh gain amplifierswhich would
a re conveni entl yl ocated i n sl i de-out otherw i sebe requi redfor t his pur pose.
d ra wersi n the consol e.The operator A ful l y expanded580 cont ainseight
m a kesal l hi s adj ustments
w hi l e seated comparatorseach with associatedama t the consol e.Once the functi oni s set plifier ln addition to the B0 computing
a c o nti nuouspl ot of outputversusi nput ampl i fi ersi n the system.
I nt egr at ing
am p l i fi e rsa re p ro v i d e dw i th
adjac entint egr a ti n gn e tw o rk s .S i mp l e
bot t le plug c o n n e c ti o n sc o n v e rt th e
high gain am p l i fi e r to a n i n te g ra to r
whic h us esany o f fo u r ti m e s c a l e s .In tegratorscan be operated simultaneous ly at dif f ere n t s p e e d sa n d i n d i fferent modes-capabilities which are
particularlyuseful [or iterativeand hybr id c om put atl o n .A l s o u s e fu l i n th i s
regardis the integrator'sability to reset
very rapidly from the operatemode to
t he init ial c ond i ti o nm o d e .
A not herf eat ur ew h i c h i s e s p e c i a l l u
ysef ul f or it er at iv ea n d h y b ri dc o mp u ta ti o n
is the exceptionalperformanceof the
system'strack/storeunits.Extremelyfast
s ignalt r ac k ingco mb i n e dw i th l o w d ri { t
storageis achievedthrougha novel circuit that usestwo capacitorsizesin each
u nit . T he t r ac k i n g o p e ra ti o n i s p e rf or m edus inga s m a l ls i z ec a p a c i to r;a n d
a largecapacitoris switchedin for the
storagefunction.
T he s t andar dc o m p l e me n to f n o n l i n e a r,
s pec ialand digi ta lc o mp o n e n tsi n c l u d e
e lec t r onic qua rte r-s q u a remu l ti p l i e rs ,
. : : l l ; rl . : -
11
EAI580 IndividualComputingComponents
The c om plem e n to f h i g h q u a l i ty c o mp ut ingc om pon e n ts w h i c h c o n s ti tu te
the EAf580 makespossiblea new standard of performancenever before obtainable in a desk-top computer. The
5 80 c om pr is esma n y e l e me n tsw h i c h
up t o now hav eb e e n a v a i l a b l eo n l y i n
larger,more expensivesystems.These
componentsare characterizedby their
high s peed ope ra ti o n ,l o w d ri ft, a n d
excellentstaticaccuracy.
m
I
M I
E
comparators/ may be made on the EAI 5BOwithout
diode f unctionSenerators,
l i mi t ers and l ogi c components.Tw o making additionalconnectionsbecause
ty p esof el ectroni cmul ti pl i ersare avai l - the 580 V D FC setup pa nel cont ainsa
able to satisfya varietyof requirements. bui l t-i n ramp i ntegratort o pr ovide a
Mu l t i pl i ersmay be usedto performthe smoothsw eepfor setup.An addit ional
for eachDFC allowsalt er and di vi si on. i nput resi stor
o p e r ati onof mul ti pl i cati on
provi dedon certai nmul - nati ve appl i cati onsuch as t he use of
T e rmi nati ons
ti p l i erspermi ttw o enti rel yi ndependent the unusedoutput amplif ieras an ins q u ari ngor square-rootoperati onsto verter and combi ned sum m at ionand
functi ongenerati on.
b e oerformedat the sameti me.
F u n cti ongeneratorsetupi s remarkabl y Comparatorsare provided with their
The system'shigh speed operaiional s i mpl e. The V ari abl e D i ode Functi on own amplifierseliminatingthe need for
(V D FC ' s)and thei r control s extrahigh gainamplifierswhich would
am plif ier sper fo rm a t fu l l a mp l i tu d e Ge nerators
ov er t heir ent i re b a n d w i d th w i th n o
a re conveni entl yl ocated i n sl i de-out otherw i sebe requi redfo r t his pur pose.
v eloc it ylim it ing .R e s i s tonr e tw o rk sa re drawers in the console.The operator A ful l y expanded580 cont ainseight
ar r angeds o t ha t e a c h a m p l i fi e ri s c o n - m a kesal l hi s adj ustments
w hi l e seated comoaratorseach with associatedamveniently converted into inverter or
a t the consol e.Once the functi oni s set plifier in addition to the B0 computing
s um m eroper ati o nb y m e a n so f b o ttl e a c o nti nuouspl ot of outputversusi nput amol i fi ersi n the svstem.
p ru8s .
I nt egr at ing
am p l i fi e rsa re p ro v i d e dw i th
adjac entint egr a ti n gn e tw o rk s .S i mp l e
bot t le plug c o n n e c ti o n sc o n v e rt th e
high gain am p l i fi e r to a n i n te g ra to r
whic h us esany o f fo u r ti m e s c a l e s .In tegratorscan be operated simultaneous ly at dif f ere n t s p e e d sa n d i n d i fferent modes-capabilities which are
particularlyuseful for iterativeand hybr id c om put at i o n .A l s o u s e fu l i n th i s
regardis the integrator'sability to reset
very rapidlyfrom the operatemode to
the init ial c ond i ti o nmo d e .
A not herf eat ur ew h i c h i s e s p e c i a l l u
yseful f or it er at iv ea n d h y b ri dc o mp u ta ti o n
is the exceptionalperformanceof the
system'strack/storeunits.Extremelyfast
signalt r ac k ingc o m b i n e dw i th l o w d ri ft
storageis achievedthrougha novel circuit that usestwo capacitorsizesin each
unit . T he t r ac k i n g o p e ra ti o n i s p e rf or m edus inga s m a l ls i z ec a p a c i to r;a n d
a largecapacitoris switchedin for the
storagefunction.
T he s t andar dc o mp l e m e n to f n o n l i n e a r,
s pec ialand digi ta lc o m p o n e n tsi n c l u d e
elec t r onic qua rte r-s q u a rem u l ti p l i e rs ,
/:-tFC Dra*,er
I
EAI5S0SystemExpansion
II
. Exchangeof data between analogand ers, mul ti -channel
Th e m odular des ig n c o n c e p t o f th e
stri o char t r ecor der s
EAI 580 provides a growth potential
and a mul ti -channel
digital computer programs
hi gh speedr epet iwhich allowsthe customerto startwith
ti ve operati ondi spl ayuni t.This display
T h e s e l ecti onand readout of anal og
a minimum investmenthen exoandthe
uni t i s a sel f-contai ned
precisiondisc o m p o n entsand setti ngof potenti ompl ay system that empl oys an B- inch
systemlat eras t he w o rk l o a da n d p ro b e te rsa re readi l yachi evedby the di gi l e m c om plex it ydic ta te .A l l c o mp o n e n ts
osci l l oscope.
The userhasth e opt ion of
ta l c o m puter under di rect program
can be added to the systemin the field
mounti ngthe di spl ayscop eabove t he
c o n tro luti l i zi ngthe i nterfacexpansi on.
wi th no addit ionsof w i ri n g h a rn e s so r
A nal og R eadoutP anelor connect inga
so l d er ingr equir ed.F u l ls l a v i n gc a p a b i l - READOUTAND DISPLAY
portabl eversi onof the sameunit . Eit her
ity is another of the ready-expansion The very
w
ay, thi s uni t provi des sim ult aneous
necessary
man/machinecomfe a tur esof t he E A I5 8 0
display
of four tracesand requiresthe
m u n i c a ti oni nvol vi ngthe di spl ay and
setting
of
only three operatorcontrolsTh e ins t allat ion
of a s e l f-c o n ta i n eldo g i c d o c u m e ntati onof probl em resul tsi s
posi ti onand numb erof t r aces.
i ntensi ty,
e xp a ns ionpr ov idesa n a l o g /h y b ri dc a p - a n o th e rareathat i s emphasi zedi n the
cont r olled
a b i l it y t o t he des k - to pu s e r.T h e c o m - d e s i g n of the E A I 580 A nal og/H ybri d S w eepspeedi s automati cally
b i n a t ionof analoga n d d i g i ta lc o mp u t- C o mp u ti ng S ystem. R ecogni zi ngthe by the rep-opti mer of the 580, or t he
operatorcancross-pl ot
four input chaning componentsincreasesthe spectrum need not only for the "availability"ot
re s u l tsb ut al so for thei r accurateand nel sagai nsta fi fth.
o[ applicationsfor the EAI 580 and
reliablepresentationEAI offers a commakespossiblethe solution of a wide
varietyof more complexproblems.This p l e te s e l ecti onof equi pmentto sati sfy S tandardon al l E A I 5B 0' si s a Cont r ol
theserequirements.
l o g i c ex pans ionis e a s i l ya d d e d to th e
Modul e on the A nal og P rogr amPanel
b a si c c ons oleand a l l c o n n e c ti o n sa re In a d d i t i on to the hi gh speed,sol i d- that provi desconveni enter m inat ions
ma dev ia s t andar dc a b l e s .
state DVM used in the readoutsystem for al l readoutand di spl ayequipm ent
usedwith the systemas well as outputs
Fu rther ex pans ioni n to a fu l l h y b ri d of the 580,the systemhas provisionfor
peripheraldevicessuch as X-Y record- from the timer systemof the computer.
co m put ings y s t emis m a d ep o s s i b l ew i th
th e a ddit ionof a hy b ri d c o n tro l i n te rfa ce. T his c ont r ol i n te rfa c es i mp l i fi e s
i n te g r at ionwit h a d i g i ta l c o m p u te rb y
d i re c t ingc om m unic a ti o n
w i th th e d i g i ta l c om put er t hr ou g h th e a n a l o g a n d
d i g i t alt r unk s ,m ode c o n tro l l i n e s ,a n d
a d d res s ings y s t em w i th i n th e a n a l o g
co n s ole.T he digit a l c o mp u te r i s a l s o
a b l et o t r ans f erdat aa n d c o n tro ls i g n a l s
to the 580 by meansof this interface.
ln a basichybrid systemthe DVM may
also be used as an analog-to-digital
co n v er t erand a dig i ta l -to -a n a l ocgo n ve rsionc hannelis al s o i n c l u d e di n th e
control intefface.
Wh en a digit al c om p u te r i s a d d e d to
th e sy s t emf,ac ilit iesc a nb e e x p a n d e dto
a ccom plis fhiv e m aj o r fu n c ti o n s :
. Selection of analog modes by the
digital computer
. Sensingof analogmodesby the digital computer
. Selectionand readout of all addressable analog components
. Settingof potentiometersby the di